Riparian ecosystems are important for biodiversity, soil conservation and wetland health.
The riparian zone---also called riparian area, strip, fringe or buffer---is the area directly along the edge of a river or stream. Riparian areas are vastly important to conservation, because they prevent erosion, provide habitat for birds and other species and contain high biodiversity relative to the surrounding area.
Riparian Vegetation
Riparian areas typically have a different assortment of plants than are found even a few meters further inland. The difference is especially pronounced in arid regions where a riparian strip can be the only greenery for miles. These plants are either fully aquatic or simply thrive with access to lots of water.
Biodiversity
Riparian vegetation provides crucial habitats for wildlife, especially birds. It also creates "wildlife corridors" that allow for animals to migrate without being restricted by roads or other structures. Wildlife corridors are important for genetic diversity and the health of populations.
Flood and Erosion Control
A healthy riparian zone slows and reduces the damage caused by flooding, when it occurs. It also prevents soil from being washed into the stream via rainwater runoff, which is bad for soil fertility on land and for the health of the wetlands. Runoff often contains pollutants, such as fertilizers and pesticides, and riparian plants help reduce pollutants through biofiltration.
Other Benefits
Riparian vegetation also adds important nutrients to the stream ecosystem by providing decaying plant matter. Healthy riparian ecosystems also create aesthetic value, provide recreation areas and increase property values.
Tags: Riparian areas